Board MCQs on Benign and Malignant Tumors of Oral Cavity

A 22-year-old patient has multiple café-au-lait macules and soft, painless nodules. Which lesion is characteristically associated with von Recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis type 1)?

A vascular-appearing oral lesion demonstrates pulsation and an audible bruit. Which option is identified in the source question as being associated with this finding?

A patient with recurrent epistaxis has multiple small red telangiectatic spots on the oral mucosa. Which site is commonly involved in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?

A 58-year-old patient has persistent lower-lip and chin numbness without previous dental treatment. Which important diagnosis should be considered?

A patient with a history of carcinoma develops a suspicious jaw lesion. Which primary carcinoma is classically associated with osteoblastic skeletal secondaries?

A red, friable gingival lesion bleeds easily and resembles an inflamed vascular lesion. Which condition may have a similar clinical appearance?

A lymph-node biopsy shows large atypical bilobed cells with prominent nucleoli. Reed–Sternberg cells are characteristic of which disease?

A slowly enlarging ulcerated lesion is found on sun-exposed skin near the oral region. Among the listed options, which is the intended common site of basal cell carcinoma?

A clinician discusses the traditional malignant potential of melanocytic nevi. Which lesion has traditionally been considered more likely to undergo malignant transformation?

Histopathology demonstrates a benign tumor composed of mature skeletal muscle cells. A rhabdomyoma originates from which tissue?

A histopathology report describes marked variation in the size and shape of nuclei within a dysplastic oral epithelial lesion. Which term best describes this finding?

A radiographic examination identifies a cyst-like lesion in the jaw. The clinician explains that some lesions are pseudocysts because they lack an epithelial lining. Which of the following is a true cyst?

A patient presents with recurrent spontaneous nosebleeds and multiple mucocutaneous telangiectasias involving the lips and oral mucosa. Which condition is most strongly suggested?

A patient with fatigue, bone pain, and multiple punched-out radiolucencies undergoes laboratory evaluation. Urine testing detects monoclonal free light chains known as Bence–Jones proteins. Which diagnosis is most likely?

During an oral examination, a patient is found to have leukoedema, which disappears or becomes less apparent when the buccal mucosa is stretched. Which condition in the list is not generally considered a potentially premalignant oral disorder?

A patient has a slow-growing exophytic oral lesion with a rough, warty, cauliflower-like surface. Which diagnosis best matches this clinical description?

A child presents with rapidly enlarging jaw swelling. Histopathology demonstrates a diffuse proliferation of lymphoid cells with macrophages containing cellular debris, producing a classic 'starry-sky' pattern. Which disease is most likely?

A biopsy from a sharply demarcated intraepithelial lesion shows atypical keratinocytes involving the full thickness of the epithelium, without invasion through the basement membrane. This describes Bowen disease, which is classified as:

A patient presents with a firm, painless, slowly enlarging nodule on the tongue. Histopathology reveals large polygonal cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, consistent with granular cell tumor (historically called granular cell myoblastoma). How is this tumor generally classified?

Histopathology of a pigmented lesion shows melanocytic nests at the dermoepidermal junction with melanocytes extending downward into the underlying connective tissue. This downward 'dropping off' phenomenon is traditionally called the Abtropfung effect and is associated with:

A 62-year-old man presents with a persistent ulcerated lesion on the vermilion border of the lower lip. Which statement best describes the typical distribution of lip carcinoma?

A 30-year-old patient has a diffuse whitish appearance of the buccal mucosa. When the cheek is gently stretched, the white appearance disappears. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A 55-year-old tobacco user has a persistent, non-scrapable white patch on the lateral border of the tongue. After excluding other known causes, which condition is classically considered the most common potentially malignant oral mucosal lesion?

A patient has a chronic oral mucosal lesion with an adjacent smaller focus that appears separate from the main lesion. The examiner describes the smaller focus as a 'satellite lesion.' Which statement is most appropriate regarding the source question?

A patient with a diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is evaluated for possible spread. What is the most common initial route or site of metastasis for oral squamous cell carcinoma?

During examination of a 57-year-old man who has a long history of pipe smoking, a broad keratotic area covers much of the hard palate and contains multiple small red areas. Which history is most consistent with this presentation?

A biopsy is taken from a suspicious oral lesion. Which histopathological feature is the most reliable single criterion for diagnosing invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma?

A fair-skinned patient with extensive cumulative ultraviolet exposure develops a slowly enlarging ulcerated lesion on sun-exposed facial skin. Which condition has a well-established association with sunlight exposure?

A 60-year-old man presents with a non-healing ulcer on the side of the tongue. Which location is classically recognized as the most common site for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma?

A student reviews oncogenic viruses associated with human malignancies. Which virus among the following is not classically established as a human oncogenic virus?

A patient presents with a painless, slowly enlarging submucosal nodule of the tongue. Biopsy shows granular cells and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A patient has multiple café-au-lait macules and several poorly circumscribed soft-tissue nodules. The lesions are associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Which tumor is classically non-encapsulated and may rarely undergo malignant transformation?

A patient with advanced HIV infection presents with a non-scrapable, vertically corrugated white plaque on the lateral border of the tongue. Which condition is most strongly associated with this finding?

A biopsy is obtained from a persistent ulcerated oral lesion. The report identifies invasive malignant epithelial islands with keratinization. What is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity?

A patient with a history of areca-nut and tobacco use has progressive difficulty opening the mouth. Examination reveals oral mucosa that is pale, blanched, opaque, and firm with reduced elasticity. Which condition is most likely?

A patient presents with extensive bone pain, anemia, recurrent infections, and multiple punched-out radiolucencies. Laboratory studies show a monoclonal plasma-cell disorder. Which diagnosis among the options has the greatest potential for fatal systemic disease?

A patient develops unexplained numbness of the lower lip and chin, without recent dental treatment. Imaging reveals a suspicious mandibular lesion. Which finding is particularly suggestive of possible metastatic disease?

A patient with immunosuppression develops a reddish-purple nodular lesion involving the oral mucosa. Histology demonstrates a vascular spindle-cell neoplasm. Kaposi sarcoma is primarily a tumor of which tissue type?

A biopsy of a white oral lesion shows epithelial thickening, intraepithelial vacuolation, and hyperparakeratosis. Which condition is most consistent with this histopathological description?

A patient with prolonged exposure to sunlight develops actinic skin damage and a suspicious cutaneous lesion. Which factor listed is not generally recognized as a direct major cause of increased squamous cell carcinoma of the skin?

A 58-year-old patient is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma at different possible oral sites. The lesion is small, localized, and without clinical evidence of nodal disease. Which site is classically associated with the most favorable prognosis among the options?

A dental student reviews malignancies associated with oncogenic viruses. Which condition among the options is not classically linked to a specific established viral etiology?

A patient is diagnosed with a soft-tissue sarcoma. The clinician explains that the tumor's usual route of distant dissemination differs from that of many carcinomas. Soft-tissue sarcomas most commonly spread through:

A patient is found to have a hard, asymptomatic bony protuberance on the lingual aspect of the mandible. Which statement is not a characteristic feature of torus mandibularis?

A patient with a localized oral malignancy is being considered for internal radiation treatment. The radiation source will be placed directly within or close to the target tissue. This treatment is called:

A patient has a benign papillary epithelial lesion of the oral mucosa. Molecular testing identifies human papillomavirus type 6. Which tumor is most consistent with this finding?

A histologic specimen from a vascular soft-tissue tumor demonstrates branching, thin-walled vascular channels surrounded by concentrated tumor cells, producing a pattern traditionally described as 'staghorn' vessels. Which lesion was classically said to resemble a hemangioma or glomus-type vascular tumor?

A biopsy from a clinically suspicious white oral lesion demonstrates disordered epithelial maturation and atypical keratinization. Which epithelial change is most suggestive of a potentially precancerous process when interpreted with other dysplastic features?

A 20-year-old patient has multiple jaw swellings, impacted and supernumerary teeth, and multiple radiopaque jaw lesions. The findings suggest Gardner syndrome, a variant of familial adenomatous polyposis. What is the inheritance pattern of this condition?

A patient with Gardner syndrome has multiple jaw osteomas and impacted teeth. Which additional manifestation is classically associated with this syndrome?

A 28-year-old patient with Gardner syndrome is being counseled about the long-term behavior of its associated lesions. Which manifestation carries a recognized risk of malignant transformation?

A young patient with Gardner syndrome has multiple unerupted and impacted teeth on panoramic imaging. Which inherited disorder may also present with multiple impacted teeth?

A 55-year-old smoker presents with a persistent, non-scrapable white patch on the floor of the mouth. Biopsy confirms oral leukoplakia. Which location is classically associated with a comparatively higher risk of malignant transformation?

A 19-year-old patient presents with jaw swelling, pain, and loosening of teeth. Imaging demonstrates a mixed radiolucent–radiopaque lesion with radiating mineralized spicules extending from the cortex. Which radiographic appearance is most suggestive of osteosarcoma?

A clinician evaluates a persistent white oral lesion suspected to be leukoplakia. Which finding is NOT a characteristic feature of typical oral leukoplakia?

A patient is diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma staged as T3N2M0. The multidisciplinary team is planning definitive treatment. Which approach is most consistent with multimodality management of locally advanced oral cancer?

A patient with carcinoma involving the base of the tongue develops progressive disease with concern for distant spread. Compared with an anterior tongue lesion, involvement of which region is more associated with access to rich lymphatic and vascular pathways?

A 46-year-old patient has a persistent homogeneous leukoplakic plaque on the buccal mucosa. Which site is generally reported as a common location for oral leukoplakia?

A child presents with diffuse enlargement of the tongue, giving it a pebbly or papillomatous surface due to multiple lymphatic vesicles. Which condition best explains this presentation?

A patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma is being evaluated for regional lymphatic metastasis. Which group represents commonly involved cervical drainage nodes for oral cavity carcinomas?

A 3-cm squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar trigone invades the mandible and the medial pterygoid muscle. Under conventional oral cavity TNM principles, which stage grouping is most appropriate?

A patient with unexplained tooth mobility undergoes imaging that shows asymmetric widening of the periodontal ligament space around several teeth. Which diagnosis should be considered because this may be an early radiographic sign?

A biopsy of an aggressive oral soft-tissue mass shows a spindle-cell malignancy arranged in a characteristic storiform, or cartwheel-like, pattern. Which diagnosis is most consistent with this histologic finding?

A patient presents with a persistent verrucous white oral plaque that has enlarged over several years and contains multifocal areas of involvement. Which type of leukoplakia is associated with a particularly increased risk of carcinoma?

A 58-year-old patient with a long history of tobacco use and regular alcohol consumption presents with a nonhealing lateral tongue ulcer. Which profile represents a recognized high-risk pattern for oral cancer?

A slowly growing exophytic oral lesion shows broad, pushing epithelial projections with marked pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia rather than infiltrative destructive invasion. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A clinician is discussing the epidemiology of malignant neoplasms involving bone. Which entity is generally considered the most common primary malignant bone tumor category in adults because it represents spread from another organ?

A 62-year-old patient has a pigmented lesion on the hard palate that has become irregular and enlarged. Which statement about oral malignant melanoma is NOT generally correct?

A patient has a localized gingival mass following chronic local irritation. Imaging shows small areas of mineralization, and histology demonstrates bone or cementum-like material within the lesion. Which reactive gingival lesion is most likely?

A fair-skinned outdoor worker develops a persistent ulcerated lesion on the lower lip. Chronic ultraviolet exposure is a recognized etiologic factor for which malignancy?

A patient presents with a solitary, white, rough-surfaced, pedunculated lesion on the palate. The lesion is clinically exophytic and papillary. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A biopsy from a chronic inflammatory lesion shows plasma cells containing rounded eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions composed of accumulated immunoglobulins. What are these inclusions called?

A lymph node biopsy from a patient with fever, lymphadenopathy, and characteristic Reed–Sternberg cells confirms Hodgkin disease. How should this condition be classified?

A slowly enlarging ulcerated lesion on sun-exposed facial skin is diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma. Which behavior is most characteristic of this malignancy?

A man develops a painful, mobile, tender mass near the mental foramen years after a displaced mandibular fracture. The lesion is suspected to involve a previously injured nerve. What is the most likely preoperative diagnosis?

A pathology resident is classifying oral tumors according to tissue of origin. Which lesion is derived from connective or mesenchymal tissue?

A patient presents with multiple café-au-lait macules, numerous neurofibromas, and a family history of similar findings. What is the primary etiology of multiple neurofibromatosis?

A patient with a peripheral nerve sheath tumor undergoes biopsy. Which of the following lesions is considered malignant rather than a benign neural tumor or reactive nerve lesion?

A patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma is evaluated for regional and distant spread. What is the most common route of metastasis from oral carcinoma?

A well-circumscribed tongue mass is composed of Antoni A and Antoni B areas, and the Antoni A regions contain nuclear palisading around acellular zones. Which tumor is characterized by Verocay bodies?

A biopsy from an invasive oral lesion demonstrates malignant epithelial cells with keratin pearl formation within the epithelial tumor nests. Which diagnosis is most consistent with this finding?

A patient with a history of areca-nut chewing presents with progressive oral mucosal stiffness, reduced mouth opening, blanching, and palpable fibrous bands. Which combination of findings supports the diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis?

A patient with established oral submucous fibrosis is being treated to improve mouth opening and reduce fibrosis. Which option reflects a historically used treatment approach rather than a universally established curative regimen?

A patient is being evaluated for disorders associated with increased risk of malignancy. Which of the following is NOT classically regarded as a potentially precancerous condition or cancer-predisposition disorder?

A 52-year-old man who regularly chews betel nut develops a persistent ulcerated lesion on the buccal mucosa. Which statement about carcinoma of the cheek is most accurate?

A patient undergoes treatment for a primary sarcoma of the mandible. During follow-up, the team evaluates the most likely site of distant metastatic spread. Which site is most commonly involved?

A patient reports persistent numbness of the lower lip and chin without a history of extraction, local anesthesia, or recent dental treatment. Which serious diagnosis must be considered?

A persistent ulcerated gingival lesion is biopsied and shows invasive malignant squamous epithelial islands with keratinization. What is the most common malignant tumor of the gingiva?

A heavy smoker has diffuse palatal erythema and swelling around the openings of multiple minor salivary glands. Which condition is most likely?

A 35-year-old patient presents with painful swelling of the posterior maxilla. Imaging shows a mixed radiolucent–radiopaque lesion with irregular new bone formation and possible periodontal ligament widening. Which statement about jaw osteosarcoma is most accurate?

A pathology student is comparing tumors that may show spontaneous regression in selected clinical settings with tumors that generally require definitive treatment. Which tumor is not characteristically associated with spontaneous regression?

A patient presents with a destructive radiolucent lesion of the mandible, and investigations suggest metastatic carcinoma. Which primary cancer is classically among the most common sources of metastasis to the jaw bones?

A biopsy of a pigmented lesion from the oral palate demonstrates malignant melanocytic proliferation with invasion into underlying tissue. What is the correct definition of melanoma?

A radiolucent expansile jaw lesion is diagnosed as an aneurysmal bone cyst. Which feature distinguishes it from a true cyst?

A biopsy from an oral mucosal lesion shows thickening of the prickle-cell layer, with no primary requirement for increased mitotic activity or disruption of the basement membrane. What is this change called?

A patient with advanced HIV infection develops a violaceous oral plaque that is confirmed histologically as Kaposi sarcoma. Which statement is correct?

A long-term tobacco user presents with a thickened white patch on the buccal mucosa. Which mucosal change is commonly associated with tobacco exposure?

A patient is diagnosed with metastatic carcinoma involving the oral cavity. Imaging shows a destructive lesion in the posterior mandible. Which location is classically considered a frequent site for metastatic deposits in the jaws?

A 60-year-old woman has a 2-cm buccal mucosal tumor. Regional lymph nodes are clinically negative and there is no distant metastasis. Assuming the lesion has appropriate depth for T1 classification, what is the TNM designation?

A patient has an expansile blood-filled lesion of the mandible. Histology shows blood-filled spaces without a true epithelial lining. Which diagnosis is a pseudocyst?

A child presents with a soft, translucent, pebbly enlargement of the tongue caused by abnormal proliferation of lymphatic vessels. Which lesion is benign in nature?

Histopathology of a well-circumscribed oral mass shows interlacing bundles of mature smooth muscle cells without significant atypia. Leiomyoma is a tumor of which tissue?

A child presents with fever, pain, and swelling of the mandible. Radiographs show a destructive lesion with layers of new periosteal bone arranged parallel to the cortex, producing an onion-skin appearance. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A 35-year-old patient with AIDS presents with multiple reddish-purple, nodular, exophytic lesions involving the oral mucosa. Which is the most appropriate provisional diagnosis?

A pathology report describes a congenital tumor containing tissues derived from ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Which term best describes this lesion?

A patient has an oral malignant tumor measuring 4.5 cm in greatest dimension, without additional information about adjacent-structure invasion. In the traditional size-based TNM framework, which T category is most appropriate?

A 62-year-old patient presents with multiple punched-out radiolucencies in the jaws and generalized bone pain. Which diagnosis should be considered most strongly?

A patient has a reddish-purple gingival mass that develops after local irritation. Histology shows proliferating granulation tissue containing numerous multinucleated giant cells. Which finding is most diagnostic of peripheral giant cell granuloma?

During an oral mucosal examination, the clinician identifies a small, solid, palpable elevation measuring less than 1 cm. Which descriptive term is most appropriate?

A histologic specimen demonstrates a benign lesion composed of numerous small blood vessels. Which term is most appropriate for this lesion?

A patient is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. During counseling, the clinician explains that this tumor is locally destructive but metastasis is exceptionally uncommon. Which statement is most accurate?

A patient presents with a persistent white oral patch. Which statement about potentially malignant oral disorders is most accurate?

A patient with a minor salivary gland malignancy develops pain and sensory disturbance along the distribution of a cranial nerve. Which tumor is classically associated with perineural invasion in the head and neck?

A biopsy of a well-circumscribed benign nerve-sheath tumor shows alternating hypercellular and hypocellular areas, with Verocay bodies in the hypercellular regions. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A patient with maxillary sinus carcinoma develops mobility of the maxillary posterior teeth. Imaging shows tumor extension into the alveolar process through the inferior aspect of the sinus. Which sinus wall was primarily involved?

A patient with advanced HIV infection presents with multiple violaceous oral plaques and nodules. Which condition is most strongly associated with this presentation?

A habitual areca nut chewer develops progressive oral mucosal stiffness, reduced mouth opening, and blanching of the buccal mucosa. Which condition is most likely?

A patient presents with a small, firm, painless, well-defined soft-tissue growth on the buccal mucosa. In a traditional oral pathology examination, which lesion is commonly identified as the most frequent benign oral tumor?

A vascular lesion is examined histologically and appears as a blood-filled space resembling a sponge with large pores. Which lesion best matches this description?

A child presents with a unilateral facial port-wine stain involving the distribution of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Which syndrome should be suspected?

A histologic examination identifies a localized overgrowth of mature tissues that are normally present at the affected anatomical site, without autonomous neoplastic growth. What is this lesion best classified as?

A well-circumscribed benign tumor is composed of mature striated skeletal muscle fibers. Which diagnosis is most appropriate?

A 10-year-old child presents with a rapidly enlarging painful jaw mass. Imaging shows a destructive lesion, and biopsy is being evaluated for a small round blue cell tumor. Which is a classic malignant bone tumor consideration in children?

A 42-year-old patient has recurrent peptic ulcers, kidney stones, and a pituitary mass. Which combination is characteristic of MEN1?

A reddish-purple gingival mass contains numerous multinucleated giant cells. Where does peripheral giant cell granuloma most commonly arise?

A papillary oral lesion shows koilocytosis histologically. Which agent is associated with squamous papilloma?

Which lesion is least likely to present as an eccentric osteolytic lesion?

A persistent non-scrapable white oral lesion is biopsied for dysplasia. Which has definite potentially malignant potential?

A well-circumscribed ossifying fibroma contains variable mineralization. Which radiographic appearance may occur?

A compressible bluish vascular lesion contains rounded calcified thrombi. Phleboliths are most associated with:

A young patient has an unerupted canine and a pericoronal radiolucency. Which listed lesions may be associated with an unerupted tooth?

A reactive gingival lesion shows hemorrhage, hemosiderin, and multinucleated giant cells. Which lesion is most likely?

A patient has lifelong bilateral, thickened, folded, spongy white buccal mucosa that does not scrape off. Diagnosis?

A patient presents with a persistent, non-scrapable, irregular white-and-red oral lesion showing epithelial dysplasia on biopsy. Which lesion is considered an oral potentially malignant disorder?

A patient has a head-and-neck malignancy classified as T3N2M0. Using the conventional stage grouping commonly taught for oral cancer, which stage is most appropriate?

A patient with a known carcinoma develops a destructive metastatic lesion in the jaw. Which location is a commonly reported site for jaw metastasis?

A child has a unilateral facial port-wine stain, seizures, and intracranial vascular calcifications with a tram-track appearance. Which finding is not a defining characteristic of Sturge-Weber syndrome?

A patient with buccal mucosal carcinoma has a 2.5-cm primary tumor involving the lower alveolar region and one ipsilateral mobile lymph node measuring 6 cm, with no distant metastasis identified. Which option best reflects the traditional clinical TNM description provided?

A jaw malignancy is composed of small round blue cells, and the pathologist notes clear cytoplasm in some tumor cells due to glycogen. Which tumor is a classic consideration?

A patient is diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Which site is most commonly involved?

A patient with leukoplakia undergoes biopsy and is found to have severe epithelial dysplasia. Which oral site is traditionally considered particularly high risk for malignant transformation?

A patient with a localized oral malignancy receives radiation delivered through implanted radioactive sources or interstitial catheters placed close to the tumor. What is this treatment called?

A patient presents with a rapidly enlarging, crateriform, keratin-filled cutaneous lesion on a sun-exposed area of the lower face. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A patient has a solitary plasma-cell tumor in the jaw, while another patient has multiple skeletal lesions, monoclonal proteins, and systemic findings. Which two diagnoses are plasma-cell neoplasms of B-cell lineage?

A patient with recurrent oral aphthous-like ulcers also has chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and iron deficiency. Which systemic condition should be considered?

A patient presents with a persistent white oral lesion requiring biopsy because of concern for malignant transformation. Which lesion is traditionally considered a doubtful or debated potentially premalignant condition?

A patient with advanced HIV infection has a non-scrapable, corrugated white lesion on the lateral tongue. Which statement is least appropriate as a defining description of oral hairy leukoplakia?

A patient has a persistent ulcerated oral lesion, and imaging suggests possible underlying bone involvement. Which investigation provides the definitive diagnosis of oral cancer?

A researcher is investigating Epstein-Barr virus in oral hairy leukoplakia. Which method is least suitable as a specific method for demonstrating EBV in lesional tissue?

A chronic smoker has a white keratotic palate with multiple pinpoint red areas corresponding to minor salivary gland duct openings. What mechanism best explains this finding?

A patient is being evaluated for a large palatal torus before surgical removal. What is the main purpose of a lateral skull view?

A jaw lesion is composed of small round blue cells with abundant cytoplasmic glycogen. Histochemical demonstration of glycogen would support which diagnosis?

A patient has a jaw tumor that appears histologically benign but has produced metastases to distant sites. Which lesion is classically associated with this phenomenon?

A patient has a central giant cell lesion of the jaw. The biopsy findings prompt laboratory testing because a systemic metabolic disorder can mimic the lesion histologically. Which is the key differential diagnosis?

A 55-year-old man presents with a persistent white oral lesion. On examination, the lesion is described as a homogeneous or speckled plaque without a specific ulcerative or bullous pattern. Which of the following is NOT a recognized clinical type or descriptive pattern of leukoplakia?

A pathologist examines a benign oral soft-tissue lesion composed of fibrous connective tissue combined with glandular tissue. Which diagnosis best describes this lesion?

A 68-year-old patient is diagnosed with verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity. The lesion is slow-growing, exophytic, and locally invasive but shows broad pushing margins. Which treatment is generally preferred?

A 35-year-old woman presents with a slowly enlarging, well-circumscribed jaw lesion. Imaging shows a sharply demarcated lesion with variable radiolucent, mixed, or radiopaque features. Which statement about ossifying fibroma is FALSE?

A child presents with a unilateral port-wine stain involving the distribution of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. Intraoral examination reveals gingival enlargement and vascular changes. Which finding is NOT characteristic of Sturge-Weber syndrome?

A patient is being evaluated for suspected malignant involvement of the jaw bones. A nuclear medicine bone scan is requested to assess osteoblastic activity and skeletal involvement. Which radiopharmaceutical is most appropriate?

A 70-year-old man who has chewed tobacco several times daily for 30 years presents with a nonhealing lower-lip ulcer, regional lymph-node enlargement, weight loss, and recent voice changes. Which clinical finding most strongly supports suspicion of malignancy?

In the same patient with a suspected lower-lip malignancy and regional lymphadenopathy, what is the most likely explanation for the enlarged lymph node?

A patient with a neck mass and progressive voice change is suspected of having involvement of the motor nerve supplying most intrinsic muscles of the larynx. Which nerve is most likely affected?

A patient with episodic fever, night sweats, weight loss, and painless lymphadenopathy is being evaluated for lymphoma. The classic periodic fever pattern known as Pel-Ebstein fever is traditionally associated with which condition?

A patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 develops a large, diffuse, pendulous neurofibromatous enlargement involving the skin and underlying tissues. This appearance is known as elephantiasis neuromatosa. It is a feature of which disorder?

A child presents with an exophytic oral lesion on the lower lip showing finger-like projections and hyperkeratosis. A similar lesion is present on the dorsal aspect of the thumb, which is shorter than the opposite thumb. Which diagnosis is most likely for the oral lesion?

During oral-cancer screening, a clinician uses exfoliative cytology to collect cells from a suspicious mucosal lesion. Which statement about exfoliative cytology is NOT correct?