Home/Quiz/BOARD Exam MCQs on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Airway Maintenance BOARD Exam MCQs on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Airway Maintenance Welcome to your BOARD Exam MCQs on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Airway Maintenance 1. A 60-year-old man becomes unconscious while undergoing a dental procedure and is found lying in the supine position. He is not responding, and there is no obvious foreign body in the mouth. What is the primary airway hazard in this patient? Tongue obstruction Bronchospasm Laryngospasm Aspiration Epiglottitis None 2. A 45-year-old patient becomes apneic but has a palpable carotid pulse during a dental procedure. The dentist initiates rescue breathing while awaiting emergency medical services. According to the traditional BLS recommendations commonly tested in older dental board examinations, what is the appropriate rescue breathing rate for an adult? 6 breaths/min 18 breaths/min 12 breaths/min 24 breaths/min 30 breaths/min None 3. A 62-year-old patient undergoes prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) following cardiac arrest. Arterial blood gas analysis reveals severe metabolic acidosis. Which of the following is the best method to counteract this severe acidosis? Administration of adrenaline by the IV route Administration of sodium bicarbonate IV Administration of adrenaline IM No treatment is necessary because it is self-limiting Administration of atropine IV None 4. A 50-year-old man suddenly develops airway obstruction while eating in a restaurant. He is conscious but unable to speak or cough effectively. Instead, he instinctively places both hands around his neck. This action is recognized as the universal distress signal for choking. Which of the following is this characteristic sign? Rapid heavy breathing Victim's hand at his throat Violent choking Violent thrashing of the victim's arms Clutching the chest with both hands None 5. A 35-year-old patient develops a complete upper airway obstruction due to a foreign body while eating. On examination, the patient exhibits marked respiratory distress with forceful inspiratory efforts. Which of the following is the earliest manifestation of complete respiratory obstruction? Pronounced retraction of intercostal and supraclavicular spaces Prolonged expiration Cyanosis No changes in the patient Bradycardia None 6. A 70-year-old unconscious patient is brought to the emergency department with noisy breathing. On examination, a low-pitched snoring sound is heard during inspiration, suggesting partial obstruction of the upper airway. Which of the following clinical signs always indicates airway obstruction? Increased respiratory rate Increased pulse rate Stertorous breathing Decreased blood pressure Tachycardia with sweating None 7. A 55-year-old patient develops respiratory distress during a dental procedure. The clinician suspects early oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) and monitors for clinical signs. According to traditional board examination concepts, which of the following indicates early oxygen want? Cyanosis Increased pulse rate Bradycardia Hypotension Both A and B None 8. A 65-year-old patient develops cardiac arrest during a dental procedure. CPR is initiated immediately. According to the traditional board examination standard, what is the recommended depth of chest compression during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation? 2 inches per second 1 inch per second 2 inches per 5 seconds 1 inch per 5 seconds 3 inches per second None 9. A healthcare provider is performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an adult patient. During chest compressions, the rescuer mistakenly places the hands over the xiphoid process instead of the lower half of the sternum. Which of the following organs is most likely to be injured? Heart Liver Spleen Lungs Stomach None 10. A 58-year-old patient is undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) following cardiac arrest. During resuscitative efforts, the healthcare team monitors for signs indicating that CPR is restoring cerebral perfusion. Which of the following findings suggests that CPR is effective? Constriction of pupils Dilatation of pupils Immediate hypertension Absent carotid pulse None of the above None 11. A 60-year-old patient suffers a cardiac arrest in the dental clinic. CPR is initiated immediately. According to the traditional board examination standard, how should the sternum be depressed during chest compressions? Two inches every 5 seconds 2 inches every second 1 inch every 10 seconds 3 inches every 5 seconds 1 inch every second None 12. A 70-year-old patient develops cardiac arrest during a dental procedure. External cardiac compressions are initiated immediately. According to the traditional board examination standard, at what rate should the compression–relaxation cycle be repeated? 100 times per minute Twice per second 60 times per minute 80 times per minute 120 times per minute None 13. A 62-year-old patient collapses in the dental clinic and is found to be unresponsive. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is about to be initiated. According to the traditional ABC approach to CPR, what is the first step in resuscitation? Perform chest compressions at 60 times per minute Establish an airway Deliver a precordial thump Administer oxygen immediately None of the above None 14. A 64-year-old patient is undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after cardiac arrest. During resuscitation, chest compressions are repeatedly interrupted for prolonged periods. What is the most likely consequence of these interruptions? Little changes in blood flow and blood pressure A reduction of blood flow and blood pressure to zero Carbon dioxide buildup in the lungs Improved coronary perfusion pressure None of the above None 15. A dental intern is revising traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) protocols for a board examination. Which of the following statements regarding CPR is correct according to older resuscitation guidelines commonly tested in board examinations? Compression-to-ventilation ratio in two-person CPR is 5:1. Compression-to-ventilation ratio in single-person CPR is 15:2. Chest compression rate in adults is 60–80 per minute. Chest compression rate in children is 100 per minute. All of the above. None 16. A 52-year-old patient is receiving artificial ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. According to traditional resuscitation guidelines commonly tested in board examinations, how frequently should the ventilation cycle be repeated? Every 20 seconds Every 10 seconds Every 5 seconds Every 1 second Every 15 seconds None 17. A patient requires artificial ventilation following respiratory arrest. According to traditional resuscitation recommendations commonly tested in board examinations, what tidal volume should the rescuer deliver during each rescue breath? Four times the normal tidal volume Three times the normal tidal volume Twice the normal tidal volume Normal tidal volume Half the normal tidal volume None 18. A 40-year-old patient develops hypoventilation after receiving intravenous sedation during a dental procedure. The respiratory center responds by increasing the respiratory rate. Which of the following is the strongest physiological stimulus for increasing respiration? Decrease in venous oxygen Increase in blood pH Increase in arterial carbon dioxide Decrease in arterial oxygen Increase in arterial oxygen None 19. A 58-year-old patient develops hypovolemic shock following major trauma and is receiving intravenous fluid resuscitation. The clinician monitors the jugular venous pressure (JVP) to assess the adequacy of fluid replacement. According to traditional board examination standards, within which range should the JVP be maintained during the treatment of shock? 15–20 mmHg 5–10 mmHg 10–15 mmHg 2–5 mmHg 20–25 mmHg None 20. A 65-year-old man presents for dental treatment with a history of chronic smoking. During the preoperative respiratory assessment, he is asked to take a deep breath and exhale forcefully. It takes 5–6 seconds for him to exhale completely. This finding is most suggestive of: Upper airway disease Advanced pulmonary disease Severe cardiovascular disease Normal exhalation time Acute laryngospasm None 21. A 30-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a road traffic accident with severe maxillofacial trauma. A cervical spine injury has not yet been excluded. The patient requires definitive airway management while minimizing neck movement. Which of the following is the preferred method of airway management? Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation Fibreoptic intubation Combitube Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Oropharyngeal airway None 22. A 28-year-old patient presents to the emergency department following a maxillofacial trauma with active intraoral bleeding. The patient is conscious and requires definitive airway management. According to the traditional board examination answer, which of the following is the best method to secure the airway? Awake blind intubation Awake fibreoptic intubation Tracheostomy Oropharyngeal airway None 23. A 35-year-old patient is scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia (GA). The anesthesiologist plans definitive airway management to provide airway protection, controlled ventilation, and prevent aspiration during surgery. Which of the following is the best method of intubation? Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Orotracheal tube Endotracheal tube Tracheostomy Nasopharyngeal airway None 24. A 42-year-old patient is scheduled for major oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia. The surgeon requires unobstructed access to the oral cavity while ensuring a secure airway and protection against aspiration. Which of the following is the preferred method of airway maintenance? Cuffed nasotracheal RAE tube Uncuffed nasotracheal RAE tube Kinked endotracheal tube Armoured nasotracheal tube Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) None 25. A 32-year-old man sustains severe panfacial trauma following a road traffic accident. Clinical and radiographic evaluation reveals Le Fort II, Le Fort III, and nasoethmoidal fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation are planned, and maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) will be required intraoperatively. Which of the following is the preferred method of intubation? Oral intubation Oral and nasal intubation Nasal intubation only Submental intubation Tracheostomy None 26. A 27-year-old patient presents with midface trauma following a motor vehicle accident. Imaging confirms Le Fort II and Le Fort III fractures with suspicion of a skull base injury. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication to nasotracheal intubation? Le Fort I fracture Maxillary sinusitis Parietal bone fracture Le Fort II and Le Fort III fractures Mandibular angle fracture None 27. A 29-year-old patient is admitted following a road traffic accident with a basilar skull fracture confirmed on CT scan. Definitive airway management is required before surgery. Which of the following airway approaches is contraindicated in this patient? Nasal intubation Oral intubation Submental intubation Retromolar intubation Tracheostomy None 28. A 34-year-old patient presents with midfacial trauma following a road traffic accident. CT imaging reveals an ethmoid bone fracture involving the anterior skull base. The anesthesiologist is planning airway management before surgery. In which of the following conditions should nasotracheal intubation be avoided? Ethmoid fracture Maxillary fracture Frontal fracture Mandibular fracture Zygomatic arch fracture None 29. A 30-year-old patient with complex naso-orbito-ethmoidal (NOE) and zygomatic fractures is planned for submental intubation to facilitate surgical access while avoiding tracheostomy. Which type of endotracheal tube (ETT) is preferred for the submental approach? Metallic endotracheal tube Flexible silicone endotracheal tube PVC endotracheal tube Pre-curved metallic endotracheal tube Uncuffed PVC endotracheal tube None 30. A 45-year-old patient is scheduled for oral surgery under general anesthesia. During the pre-anesthetic assessment, the anesthesiologist considers whether fibreoptic intubation is indicated. Which of the following is NOT an indication for fibreoptic intubation? Previous difficult intubation Previous intubation was easy Congenital craniofacial abnormalities Anticipated difficult airway management Restricted mouth opening due to TMJ ankylosis None 31. A 3-year-old child is scheduled for cleft palate repair under general anesthesia. The anesthesiologist plans to use a nasal RAE (Ring-Adair-Elwyn) tube to optimize surgical access. What is the principal advantage of using a nasal RAE tube in this patient? Can be used safely in basilar skull fractures Ideal for prolonged postoperative intubation Keeps the surgical field free during surgery Enables treatment of cleft palate Reduces the need for muscle relaxants None 32. An 18-year-old patient with TMJ ankylosis is scheduled for gap arthroplasty under general anesthesia. The anesthesiologist plans a nasotracheal intubation to provide unobstructed surgical access to the oral cavity. Which type of endotracheal tube is most appropriate for this procedure? North Pole RAE tube South Pole RAE tube PVC-coated tube Tracheostomy tube Armoured orotracheal tube None 33. A 7-year-old child with TMJ ankylosis is scheduled for interpositional arthroplasty under general anesthesia. The child has severe restriction of mouth opening, making conventional laryngoscopy difficult. Which of the following is the best method of intubation? Topical anesthesia with sedation General anesthesia with conventional laryngoscopy Fibreoptic intubation Tracheostomy Blind nasotracheal intubation None 34. A 20-year-old patient with bilateral TMJ ankylosis and a severely retruded mandible is scheduled for surgical release of the ankylosis. Because of the anticipated difficult airway, the anesthesiologist plans an advanced intubation technique. According to this board-style question, which of the following is the ideal method of intubation? Direct laryngoscopy Conventional laryngoscopy Tracheostomy Video laryngoscopy Blind nasotracheal intubation None 35. A 55-year-old patient is being evaluated for tracheostomy following severe facial trauma. Which of the following is NOT an indication for tracheostomy? Comatose patients Upper airway obstruction Lower airway obstruction Maxillofacial injuries Need for prolonged mechanical ventilation None 36. A 60-year-old patient undergoes a tracheostomy for prolonged ventilatory support. During a teaching session, a resident is asked about the physiological effects of tracheostomy. Which of the following statements is FALSE? Work of breathing is reduced. Dead space is increased. Airway secretions may increase. Dead space is decreased. Airway resistance is reduced. None 37. A patient presents with complete upper airway obstruction, and endotracheal intubation has failed. An emergency surgical airway is required. According to this traditional board examination question, where should the airway be established by penetrating the membrane? Below the cricoid cartilage Below the thyroid cartilage Above the thyroid cartilage At the thyroid isthmus region Through the first tracheal ring None 38. A 3-year-old child presents with severe upper airway obstruction requiring an emergency surgical airway. Which of the following is a contraindication to cricothyroidotomy? Age below 5 years Age between 15–20 years Age between 20–30 years Age between 30–40 years Age above 40 years None 39. A patient presents with acute upper airway obstruction requiring an emergency tracheostomy. Which type of skin incision is preferred in this situation? Vertical incision in emergency tracheostomy Vertical incision in elective tracheostomy Vertical incision in both emergency and elective tracheostomies Vertical incision cannot be used in tracheostomy Horizontal incision in emergency tracheostomy None 40. A surgical resident is reviewing the indications for tracheostomy before an oral and maxillofacial surgery examination. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding tracheostomy? It is indicated in upper airway obstruction. Tracheostomy is an adjunct in ventilated comatose patients. It may be performed to help prevent aspiration of secretions and fluids. It may be used to facilitate bronchoscopy in a neonate. It provides a secure airway for prolonged ventilatory support. None 41. A 45-year-old patient presents with Ludwig's angina causing rapidly progressive swelling of the floor of the mouth, tongue elevation, and impending airway obstruction. According to this traditional board examination question, what is the standard emergency airway? Tracheostomy Cricothyrotomy Nasal intubation Oral intubation Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) None 42. A patient develops complications following a tracheostomy performed for prolonged airway management. Which of the following is NOT a recognized complication of tracheostomy? Vocal cord paralysis Retrobulbar hemorrhage Tracheal stenosis Tracheoesophageal fistula Tracheoinnominate artery fistula None 43. A patient develops complete upper airway obstruction, requiring an emergency surgical airway. According to this traditional board examination question, where should the entry be made? Cricothyroid ligament Thyroid membrane Thyroid notch Cricoid cartilage First tracheal ring None 44. A 56-year-old patient requires an elective tracheostomy for prolonged ventilatory support. At which anatomical location should the tracheal entry be made? Above the cricoid cartilage Below the cricoid cartilage Through the cricothyroid membrane Laterally below the thyroid cartilage Above the thyroid cartilage None 45. During basic airway management, a rescuer applies excessive pressure at the angle of the mandible while performing a jaw-thrust maneuver. Which cranial nerve is most likely to be injured? Fifth cranial nerve (Trigeminal nerve) Seventh cranial nerve (Facial nerve) Eighth cranial nerve (Vestibulocochlear nerve) Ninth cranial nerve (Glossopharyngeal nerve) Twelfth cranial nerve (Hypoglossal nerve) None 46. A patient undergoes oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia with a cuffed endotracheal tube in place. The surgical team discusses the use of a throat pack. According to this board-style question, which of the following statements is true? It is well tolerated by awake patients. It should be removed before extubation. It remains in place after surgery until healing occurs. It is not necessary with a cuffed endotracheal tube. It is routinely left overnight after oral surgery. None 47. A patient is scheduled for oral and maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia. The surgical team plans to place a throat pack. Which of the following statements regarding throat packing is NOT true? It is done when the patient is awake. It should be inserted after induction of general anesthesia. It helps prevent soiling of the trachea. It helps prevent contamination of the pharynx. It should be removed before extubation. None 48. A patient is undergoing oral surgery under general anesthesia. According to this traditional board examination question, in which of the following situations is a throat pack indicated? Given to all patients undergoing oral surgery Given to patients intubated with cuffed oropharyngeal tubes Given to patients intubated with uncuffed oropharyngeal tubes Given to all patients intubated with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Never indicated during oral surgery None Time's up
